Understanding the Different Types of Surge Protection Devices

Today's electrical structures, devices or systems in homes and industries are more likely to have the threat of voltage surge loom than ever. This blog dives into exploring Surge Protection Devices— applications and types.


Let's see how you can efficiently safeguard your electrical systems. 


What is a Surge Protection Device?
Let's explore! 

Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) are safety devices that safeguard electrical installations and equipment from overvoltages or voltage spikes. These spikes are caused by power outage, lightning strike, or switching operations.

SPD protects the system by directing excess voltage to the ground, prohibiting it from damaging electronic equipment like computers, industrial machines, and other household devices. 


Applications of SPDs in Different Industries

SPDs are elemental across various sectors:

  • Industrial Plants
  • Residential Buildings
  • Commercial Complexes
  • Telecommunication Networks
  • Data Centers

Types of Surge Protection Devices 

Type 1 SPD

These SPDs are installed at the main service entrance and offer protection against direct lightning strikes. Type 1 SPDs are used in commercial and industrial buildings, often with a 3-phase surge protector. They can handle high surge energies up to 100 kA.

Specifications: 

  • Voltage Protection Level: ≤ 2.5 kV
  • Operating Voltage: 230/400V AC
  • Response Time: ≤ 25 nanoseconds
  • Protection Modes: L-N, L-PE, N-PE
  • Short-Circuit Withstand Capability: Up to 50 kA rms

Type 2 SPD

These SPDs are installed at the distribution panels, offering protection against lightning strikes and switching operations in motors and transformers. Type 2 SPD is used in commercial and residential buildings to protect internal circuits. 

Specifications:

  • Nominal Discharge Current: 5–20 kA
  • Maximum Discharge Current: Up to 40–60 kA
  • Voltage Protection Level: ≤ 1.5 kV
  • Operating Voltage: 230/400V AC
  • Response Time: ≤ 25 nanoseconds
  • Protection Modes: L-N, L-PE, N-PE

Type 3 SPD

These SPDs are installed near sensitive equipment, protecting end-user equipment like TVs and PCs against microsurges. Type 3 SPD is used in power strips or socket outlets.

Specifications:

  • Nominal Discharge Current: ~3–5 kA
  • Maximum Discharge Current: Up to 10 kA
  • Voltage Protection Level: ≤ 1.0–1.2 kV
  • Operating Voltage: 230V AC or 24V/48V DC
  • Response Time: ≤ 1 nanosecond
  • Protection Modes: L-N or L-PE

Type 4 SPD

These SPDs are integrated with specific equipment inside appliances and control panels, offering protection against individual circuits. Type 4 SPDs are used in industrial control systems and telecommunications.

Specifications: 

  • Form: DIN-rail mounted or modular
  • IMAX: Typically 1–10 kA
  • Up: Customized, as per internal circuits
  • Response Time: 1–25 nanoseconds
  • Technology: MOVs, gas discharge tubes, TVS diodes

Type 5 SPD

These SPDs are embedded directly in circuit boards, protecting against electrostatic discharge and micro-level voltage transients. Type 5 SPD is used in consumer electronics and small appliances. 

Specifications:

  • Form Factor: Chip-level or surface-mount
  • Voltage Clamping: 3V–100V
  • Response Time: ≤ 0.5 nanoseconds
  • Current Handling: Small 

Market Trends

Demand for SPDs has risen in 2025, driven by the proliferation of critical electronic devices. 

Here's an insight into current pricing:

3-Phase Surge Protectors price ranges from ₹ 8000 to ₹ 24,000, depending on the capacity and voltage class.

Surge Protection Device Price: typically ₹1200 to ₹6000 for residential or office use.

Earthing Plate Price: from ₹400 to ₹1500, depending on material quality.

Earthing Rod Price:  from ₹1000 to ₹4000, depending on length and thickness.


Wrapping up

In today's electronic world, protecting your electrical infrastructure against surges is a necessity and a strategic move. That's where Axis India comes in. We offer SPDs that match IEC standards, delivering solutions for residential, industrial and telecom sectors. 

Our 3-phase surge protector and high-performing earthing solutions ensure equipment longevity and reliability. 


Ready to protect your electrical system?

Explore Axis India's extensive range of SPDs today!

 

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